New species of Grammolingia Ren, 2002 from the Middle Jurassic of Inner Mongolia, China (Neuroptera: Grammolingiidae)

Neuroptera has a history of more than 270 million years, exhibiting broadest familial diversity in the Mesozoic, especially in the Jurassic and Cretaceous (New 1989; Ponomarenko 2002; Grimaldi & Engel 2005; Winterton et al. 2010). Grammolingiidae is a small family with limited distribution temporally and geographically, only recorded in the Jurassic of all East Asia and the southern Central Asia, including Daohugou, China; Houtiyn-Hotgor, Mongolia; Shar-Teg, Mongolia; Sai-Sagul, Kyrgyzstan; and Karatau, Kazakhstan. To date, five genera with seventeen species have been reported (Ren 2002; Khramov 2010; Liu et al. 2011; Shi et al. 2011, 2012; Khramov 2012). The genera are distinguished mainly by venational characters, like the separation of the most proximal branch of Rs, the positions of 1A terminating, and the fork positions of CuA and CuP. Grammolingia, as the type of Grammolingiidae, only consists of its type species Grammolingia boi Ren, 2002, which was found from the Jiulongshan Formation, Middle Jurassic of northeastern China. It can be easily distinguished from other genera by the following characters: the fork of CuA is proximal to that of CuP, 1A terminated beyond the separation of the first branch of Rs. Although many grammolingiids were recorded from the Mesozoic in China and Mongolia in recent years, no more species were assigned to this genus. Herein we describe and illustrate three new species of Grammolingia from the Middle Jurassic, Jiulongshan Formation in Daohugou, Inner Mongolia, China, the same locality as the type species of this genus. Besides Grammolingiidae, four other extinct lacewing families (Kalligrammatidae, Panfiloviidae, Saucrosmylidae and Parakseneuridae) and five extant families (Nymphidae, Osmylidae, Psychopsidae, Berothidae, Polystoechotidae) with more than forty species have been recorded from this stratum (Ren 2002; Ren & Oswald 2002; Ren & Yin 2002; Ren et al. 2002; Ren & Yin 2003; Zhang 2003; Ren & Engel 2007; Makarkin et al. 2009; Wang et al. 2009a, 2009b, 2010a, 2010b; Peng et al. 2010; Yang et al. 2010; Liu et al. 2011; Wang et al. 2011; Yang et al. 2012, 2013). Along with fossil lacewing species from six other formations (Tongchuan Formation, Jinji Formation, Haifanggou Formation, Yixian Formation, Laiyang Formation, Shahai Formation) from the Triassic to the Early Cretaceous (Hong 1980, 1983; Lin 1986; Hong 1988; Yang & Hong 1990; Ren & Engel 2008; Yang et al. 2009), they represent diverse groups of Neuroptera from Mesozoic in China.